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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dynorphine</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Dynorphine</b> sind eine Gruppe von <a href="Endogen" title="Endogen">endogenen</a> <a href="Peptid" title="Peptid">Peptiden</a> aus der Klasse der <a href="Opioidpeptid" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioidpeptid">Opioidpeptide</a>.
</p><p>Es handelt sich um vom Körper selbst produzierte <a href="Opioide" title="Opioide">Opioide</a>. Sie spielen beim <a href="Schmerz" title="Schmerz">Schmerzempfinden</a> eine wichtige Rolle. Die beiden anderen Familien der Opioidpeptide sind die <a href="Endorphine" title="Endorphine">Endorphine</a> und die <a href="Enkephalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Enkephalin">Enkephaline</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entdeckung_und_Struktur">Entdeckung und Struktur</h2></div>
<p>Die Dynorphine wurden Mitte der 1970er Jahre von Avram Goldstein erstmals entdeckt.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es handelt sich um <a href="Oligopeptid" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligopeptid">Oligopeptide</a>. Zu den Dynorphinen werden gerechnet:
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<ul><li>Dynorphin A (C<sub>75</sub>H<sub>126</sub>N<sub>24</sub>O<sub>15</sub> 1603,9 <a href="Dalton_(Einheit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalton (Einheit)">Da</a>)</li>
<li>Dynorphin B (C<sub>74</sub>H<sub>115</sub>N<sub>21</sub>O<sub>17</sub> 1570,8 Da)</li>
<li>alpha-Neoendorphin</li>
<li>beta-Neoendorphin</li>
<li><i>Big Dynorphin</i> (die <a href="Peptidsequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptidsequenz">Peptidsequenz</a> besteht aus Dynorphin A und Dynorphin B)<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12363399_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12363399-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funktionsweise">Funktionsweise</h2></div>
<p><i>siehe Hauptartikel <a href="Opioidrezeptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioidrezeptor">Opioidrezeptor</a></i>
</p><p>Der <a href="Rezeptor_(Biochemie)" title="Rezeptor (Biochemie)">Rezeptor</a> für die Dynorphine sind die κ<sub>1</sub>-<a href="Opioidrezeptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioidrezeptor">Opioidrezeptoren</a>, die zur Gruppe der <a href="G-Protein-gekoppelter_Rezeptor" class="mw-redirect" title="G-Protein-gekoppelter Rezeptor">G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptoren</a> gehören. Verschiedene Nervenzellen produzieren die Dynorphine, beispielsweise im <a href="R%C3%BCckenmark" title="Rückenmark">Rückenmark</a>, im <a href="Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">Hypothalamus</a> und im <a href="Hippocampus" title="Hippocampus">Hippocampus</a>. Die Dynorphine bewirken unter anderem ein Ausschalten der Schmerzen (<a href="Analgesie" class="mw-redirect" title="Analgesie">Analgesie</a>) und eine Beruhigung (<a href="Sedierung" title="Sedierung">Sedierung</a>). In einigen Fällen kann auch eine depressive Stimmung (<a href="Dysphorie" title="Dysphorie">Dysphorie</a>) auftreten. Die Dynorphine sind <a href="Antagonist_(Pharmakologie)" title="Antagonist (Pharmakologie)">Antagonisten</a> des <a href="Kokain" title="Kokain">Kokains</a>, das eine eher <a href="Euphorie" title="Euphorie">euphorisierende</a> Wirkung aufweist.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetik">Genetik</h2></div>
<p>Die Dynorphine werden alle von einem <a href="Gen" title="Gen">Gen</a> <b>Prodynorphin</b> (PDYN) kodiert. Es liegt beim Menschen auf <a href="Chromosom_20_(Mensch)" title="Chromosom 20 (Mensch)">Chromosom 20</a>, <a href="Genlocus" title="Genlocus">Genlocus</a> p12.2.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A Goldstein, S Tachibana, L I Lowney, M Hunkapiller, L Hood: <cite style="font-style:italic">Dynorphin-(1-13), an extraordinarily potent opioid peptide.</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>76</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, 1979, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6666–6670</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.12.6666">10.1073/pnas.76.12.6666</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/230519?dopt=Abstract">PMID 230519</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Dynorphine&rft.atitle=Dynorphin-%281-13%29%2C+an+extraordinarily+potent+opioid+peptide.&rft.au=A+Goldstein%2C+S+Tachibana%2C+L+I+Lowney%2C+...&rft.date=1979&rft.doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.76.12.6666&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.pages=6666-6670&rft.pmid=230519&rft.volume=76" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pmid12363399-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12363399_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Koichi Tan-No, Akihisa Esashi, Osamu Nakagawasai, Fukie Niijima, Takeshi Tadano, Chikai Sakurada, Tsukasa Sakurada, Georgy Bakalkin, Lars Terenius, Kensuke Kisara: <cite style="font-style:italic">Intrathecally administered big dynorphin, a prodynorphin-derived peptide, produces nociceptive behavior through an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor mechanism</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Brain_Research" title="Brain Research">Brain Research</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>952</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 2002, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7–14</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993%2802%2903180-3">10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03180-3</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12363399?dopt=Abstract">PMID 12363399</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Dynorphine&rft.atitle=Intrathecally+administered+big+dynorphin%2C+a+prodynorphin-derived+peptide%2C+produces+nociceptive+behavior+through+an+N-methyl-d-aspartate+receptor+mechanism&rft.au=Koichi+Tan-No%2C+Akihisa+Esashi%2C+Osamu+Nakagawasai%2C+...&rft.date=2002&rft.doi=10.1016%2FS0006-8993%2802%2903180-3&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.pages=7-14&rft.pmid=12363399&rft.volume=952" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>J. Schultz, J. Graw: <i>Enkephaline – Endorphine – endogene Opiatagonisten.</i> In: <i><a href="Pharmazie_in_unserer_Zeit" title="Pharmazie in unserer Zeit">Pharmazie in unserer Zeit</a></i>, 6/2006, S. 163–170.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dynorphins?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Dynorphine</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/getmap.cgi?chromosome=20pter">Der Genlocus von Prodynorphin auf Chromosom 20</a> (engl.)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dynorphin.com/">dynorphin.com: Nature's own antidote to cocaine</a> (engl.)</li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2025-06-25" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Dynorphine&oldid=257364106">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
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